The Cold War Really Shaped History - 1983 Words

The Cold war certainly shaped history in the 1900s as a major global threat due to vast political and military tensions. Historiographical studies have shown that the Cold War was primarily due to conflicting ideologies in the world, in addition to America and the USSR’s ulterior motive for global expansionism. The Americans feared Soviet expansionism across the world, and feared the outcome of Communism spreading. Likewise, the USSR feared a capitalist spread. This essay will outline the differing historiographical perceptions of the Cold War and will address the notions as to whether the Cold War was solely to do with a clash of ideologies, a clash of superpowers, or whether they were both vital aspects in explaining Cold War history.†¦show more content†¦Fraser Harbutt in his book on Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech highlights how there was a fear of soviet ideologies not just from the US but also from the UK, which had been made clear in Churchill’s I ron Curtain Speech. â€Å"It was a chance to realize the two central elements in Churchill’s political outlook that go back to the World War I era: his deep longing for some form of transcendent Anglo-American intimacy and his persistent hostility towards Soviet communism.† They feared that communism would spread to their neighbouring countries which is why Churchill tried to send out a warning against the spread of communism. Molotov; a leading figure in the Soviet government, emphasised what the Soviet policy was, which offers a reason as to why there was a clash of ideologies as the result of the Cold War. â€Å"The policy of our party is and remains the final triumph of Socialism on a world scale.† Molotov indicated what the western fear of the Soviet policy was which consequently put the rest of the world on edge. Melvyn P. Leffler shares some views of the Cold War which adds to Martin’s viewpoint. â€Å"The Orthodox rendition of events portrayed t he Soviet Union as relentlessly expansionist and ideologically motivated.† The Soviets were profoundly linked with spreading their ideologies to those countries in their interests. A particular country in their interests was

Human Variability Social Science Datasets - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2717 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Human Variability Social Science Datasets Human variability is an important component of social science datasets. How do social researchers account for this variability when drawing conclusions from data? Describe two situations in which the basis for these conclusions is undermined. Introduction The information contained in social science datasets aims to provide an accurate description of the social world (Byrne, 1998, p. 126). However individuals within any society are inherently highly variable due to human nature. The idea of humanness is something which Haslam et al. (2009, p. 55) suggest is ascribed to members of our species in a manner which is largely taken for granted. The notion of what defines humanness or human nature is somewhat tricky to define (Schein, 2010, p. 143). One way of simplifying human variability is to understand it in terms of its genetic basis. The human genome is constructed of more than 35 000 genes; with the exception of monozygotic twins, these are unlikely to be identical for any two individuals on the planet (Naylor Chen, 2010, p. 275). However variability is likely to be further exacerbated by the influence of social factors, as human nature is formed as a combination of these biological and social influences (Kundu, 2009, p. 16) . The concept of human nature and its underlying composition therefore opens up the notion of human variability. A general definition of variability would be â€Å"striking deviations from†¦patterns† where patterns are observed within a given population (Gould, 2004, p. 2). However, it would be argued that this very general definition of variability could be insufficient to describe human variability, as the concept of human nature already discussed would indicate that we are all different to one another, making it difficult to ascribe any general patterns (Gould, 2004, p. 5; Cohen, 2007, p. 71). Even within the cultural model of human nature there is wide variability between individuals (Schein, 2010, p. 143). Instead, human variability would therefore be taken to constitute not only differences from the norm, but differences simply from one another. It is impossible for any research study to adequately sample all of this variability (OECD, 2000, p. 177), alt hough in order to draw meaningful conclusions from studies in social science it is important that human variability is something which is considered by researchers. This essay discusses the approaches taken by social science researchers to account for this variability, then presents two situations in which the basis for these conclusions may be undermined. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Human Variability Social Science Datasets" essay for you Create order Accounting for Variability It has been suggested that many of the models which social sciences rely on to explain human social phenomena may present a somewhat limited representation due to their not taking adequate account of human variability (Tanner, 2008, p. 2). However, some have gone so far as to argue that the presence of human variability means that there can be no general principles regarding human life and social interactions (Gould, 2004, p. 5; Cohen, 2007, p. 71). This is based on the observation that the human psyche only becomes organized as a result of external influences. This therefore implies that the human being is plastically variable, making it impossible to apply firm general laws to it (Cohen, 2007, p. 71). It has also been supported by the work of the German statistician Wilhelm Lexis, who found that dispersions of human behaviour from statistical models were much greater than predicted by chance (Gould, 2004, p. 5). Despite the possible validity of this argument, it is still de sirable to attempt to construct general rules for the purpose of understanding the impact of different actions on the population, for example health care interventions and social policy. In attempting to construct such models through analysis of social datasets, human variability may present an issue to social science researchers on two accounts. The first is that within any study population there is likely to be a significant level of variability between members of that population at any one point in time. Secondly, since the variability is on-going and continuous, it means that the conclusions drawn from any piece of research may be inextricably linked to the specific circumstances which existed at the point in time at which the research was conducted (Tanner, 2008, p. 2). One example of the first of these issues is given by Tanner (2008, p. 132), who discusses the reaction of individuals to religious gatherings. The complexity of human nature means that different value s and motivations most likely result in every individual experiencing religious practice in a slightly different way. While this in itself often forms the focus of qualitative research, it may be extremely difficult to take account of this variability in quantitative studies. Another example is discussed by Byrne (1998, p. 126), who suggests that quantitative research conducted within one school is unlikely to be directly applicable within another. They argue that the data collected is unlikely to be transferrable as it is likely to be significantly influenced by the schools social dynamics, which are unlikely to be identical in any other school. A third useful example is in the study of the placebo effect in medicine, where there has been shown to be marked variation among individuals, making it difficult to derive any general trend (Lyby et al., 2011, p. 2405). From such studies, it is however possible to see how social science researchers attempt to account for variabili ty when deriving conclusions from the datasets. One approach to this is to limit the scope of the conclusions which are drawn from a study to a specific subsection of the population, as discussed by Byrne et al. (1998, p. 126). This may involve performing primary research within the specific population for which it is to be applied. For example if there is a need to have evidence on which to base school policy, social science researchers may choose to conduct research specifically within that school. Here, however, there is still likely to be variation within the sample, in spite of shared social characteristics, as this would not account for other factors of human nature, such as genetic or personality differences, both of which may have a significant impact on behaviour and academic performance at school (Furnham et al., 2009, p. 769). Therefore the conclusions could be inappropriately applied to those not fitting the original norm. A similar situation may also arise d ue to another approach which is to remove outliers from the data, which are those which vary markedly from the mean (Motulsky Christopoulos, 2004, p. 23). Although this would appear to limit the usefulness of any study in the larger social science context, it may be necessary to be able to derive any meaningful predictive trends from the quantitative data. Many of the statistical testing methods which are used to analyse social science datasets are disrupted by high levels of variance. For example ANOVA attempts to explain variance in respect to one variable within the population according to the presence or absence of other factors. Yet if these other factors are too variable in nature then the results are likely to be disrupted. Additionally, the variable of interest itself must not vary markedly from the normal distribution, or this too will lead to inaccurate conclusions being drawn from the analysis (Richards, 2009, p. 14). This issue may be overcome in many instances by ensuring that a larger sample size is used, so that there is more probability of outliers lying at the extremes of this normal distribution (Gorard, 2003, p. 62). An alternative approach is to try and instead actively limit the variation in the data analysed, as this may produce results which are more readily generalizable to the study population (Gorard, 2003, p. 61). One way to achieve this is to attempt to strip individuals within any dataset down to shared basic characteristics and then select participants which match the desired set of characteristics. This involves reducing aspects of culture down to common elements (Shore, 2012, p. 148). For example, in the study by Lyby et al. (2011, p. 2405) participants were selected on the basis of certain shared aspects of their medical history and care, so that the conclusions drawn would be targeted towards this specific subset of the population, and would not be applicable to those varying from these characteristics. This ap proach may be useful when considering individualized medical interventions, but may be less useful when considering wider social initiatives, where the population will invariably stray from tightly shared characteristics. Neighbourhoods and Communities One area in which conclusions drawn from social datasets may be undermined is that of studies involving the study of neighbourhoods and communities for the purposes of policy formation. An example of this is the policy a decade ago regarding the introduction of street wardens to the UK. There have been some studies conducted in individual neighbourhoods in which street wardens were introduced, from which the data showed subsequent reductions in crime and other negative outcomes. The conclusions from these studies attempted to account for variability by suggesting that the results be applied on a limited level (University of Leeds, 2005, p. 5; Sin, 2008, p. 389). However, when these conclusions were applied on a wider level, there were very varied results seen across different neighbourhoods (Sin, 2008, p. 389). This could be due to similar issues as those discussed by Byrne (1998, p. 126) in the context of schools. It is likely that the characteristics of communities prese nt in different areas of the UK are likely to be highly varied due to individual, local social and environmental factors. Therefore these communities are likely to present very different reactions to one social intervention. Here it would be suggested that the usual approaches taken to account for variation in dataset analysis may not be adequate. For example it would be very difficult to take large sample sizes if considering each community as an individual unit. It would also be difficult to remove outliers, as it would be expected that the different communities would vary so markedly that it would be difficult to establish a norm. Even if this were the case, this would then severely limit the applicability of the analysis when considering national policy. One of the best solutions would be instead to consider collection of data from each individual area and tailor policy on a local level according to these findings. Drinking Patterns A second example of an area in which social dataset conclusions may be undermined by human variation is in adult alcohol consumption patterns and its effects (Gould, 2004, p. 7). The nature of alcohol consumption is something which is now understood to be determined by a whole multitude of factors, including genetic factors, environmental factors, social circumstances and personality characteristics (Dick et al., 2011, p. 2512; Kendler et al., 2011, p. 1507). This in itself clearly opens this behaviour up to wide variation between individuals due to the complex interaction of these factors, a consequence of human variability as discussed in the introduction. However, this also means that the precise nature of alcohol consumption may be something which is open to change over time. Many of the shared aspects of humanity within any social group could be considered to be evolutionary in nature (Shore, 2012, p. 149). For example environmental and social variables change; however t his evolutionary concept would imply that it is also possible that humans change in their very nature over time too (Gould, 2004, p. 7). This may be further explained taking the example of a research study by Hingson et al. (2009, p. 783) which examined the influence of age of drinking onset on physical injuries, motor vehicle crashes and physical fights after drinking. The study concluded that drinking at an early age was associated with greater odds of each of these consequences and that delaying the age of drinking onset should be promoted to reduce the risk to the individual. Yet human variability could undermine these conclusions in a number of ways. For example there is evidence that rates of violence have increased in general over time (Eisner, 2008, online). Although this could in itself be attributed to increasing trends in alcohol consumption, this may be unlikely based on data which indicates a decline in drinking patterns in the US (Kerr et al., 2009, p. 27). However, there have been a number of research studies which have indicated that personality traits possibly linked to violent behaviour have changed over the past few decades (Twenge et al., 2008, p. 875). This therefore indicates that risk of violence is something which is linked to variation in human nature over time and could change in the near future, which was not accounted for when discussing the future implications of this research. Therefore it is entirely possible that the suggested interventions could have little impact on risk of violence. Conclusions The very nature of humanity means that individuals vary markedly from each other, due to the influence of different genetic, psychological, social and environmental factors. The overwhelming potential for different combinations of these factors means that within any social setting it is likely that significant variability would exist, even though some common factors may be shared by members of that population. Although this is part of the main source of interest in the study of sociology, it may present a challenge when conducting analysis on quantitative social data sets. This variability may be accounted for when drawing conclusions by ensuring that analysis reduces the variability in the data set or by limiting the application of the conclusions outside of the sample from which it was drawn. References Byrne, D.S. (1998) Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences: An Introduction. London: Routledge, p. 126. Cohen, E. (2007) The Mind Possessed: The Cognition of Spirit Possession in an Afro-Brazilian Religious Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 71. Dick, D.M., Meyers, J.L., Rose, R.J., Kaprio, J. Kendler, K.S. (2011) Measures of current alcohol consumption and problems: Two independent twin studies suggest a complex genetic architecture. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(12), 2152-2161. Eisner, M. (2008) Modernity strikes back? A historical perspective on the latest increase in interpersonal violence (1960-1990). International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 2(2). Available [online] from: https://www.ijcv.org/index.php/ijcv/article/viewArticle/41 [Accessed 28/11/2011]. Furnham, A., Monsen, J. Ahmetoglu, G. (2009) Typical intellectual engagement, Big Five personality traits, approaches to learning and cognitive ability predictors of aca demic performance. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79(4), 769-782. Gorard, S. (2003) Quantitative Methods in Social Science. London: Continuum, pp. 61-62. Gould, R. (2004) Variability: One statisticians view. Available [online] from: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5013f27n;jsessionid=94421E4A96F2309060D1074A216A2591#page-1 [Accessed 25/11/2011]. Haslam, N., Loughnan, S., Kashima, Y. Bain, P. (2009) Attributing and denying humanness to others. European Review of Social Psychology, 19(1), 55-85. Hingson, R.W., Edwards, E.M., Heeren, T. Rosenbloom, D. (2009) Age of drinking onset and injuries, motor vehicle crashes, and physical fights after drinking and when not drinking. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(5), 783-790. Kendler, K.S., Gardner, C. Dick, D.M. (2011) Predicting alcohol consumption in adolescence from alcohol-specific and general externalizing genetic risk factors, key environmental exposures and their interaction. Psychol ogical Medicine, 41, 1507-1516. Kerr, W.C., Greenfield, T.K., Bond, J., Ye, Y. Rehm, J. (2009) Age-period-cohort modeling of alcohol volume and heavy drinking days in the US National Alcohol Surveys: Divergence in younger and older adult trends. Addiction, 104(1), 27-37. Kundu, A. (2009) Social Sciences: Methodology and Perspectives. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley, p. 16. Lyby, P.S., Aslaksen, P.M. Flaten, M.A. (2011) Variability in placebo analgesia and the role of fear of pain – an ERP study. Pain, 152(10), 2405-2412. Motulsky, H. Christopoulos, A. (2004) Fitting Models to Biological Data Using Linear and Nonlinear Regression. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 23. Naylor, S. Chen, J.Y. (2010) Unraveling human complexity and disease with systems biology and personalized medicine. Personalized Medicine, 7(3), 275-289. OECD (2000) Social Sciences for a Digital World. Paris: OECD, p. 177. Richards, G. (2009) Psychology: The Key Concepts. Milton Par k: Routledge, p. 14. Schein, E.H. (2010) Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, p. 143. Shore, B. (2012) Unconsilience: Rethinking the two-cultures conundrum in anthropology. In E. Slingerland M. Collard (Ed.) Creating Consilience: Integrating the Sciences and the Humanities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 140-160. Sin, C.H. (2008) The introduction of Street Wardens as a social policy intervention in Britain targeting the regeneration of local communities: Theory and practice. Journal of Urban Regeneration and Renewal, 1(4), 389-400. Tanner, R.E.S. (2008) Contemporary Social Science Research. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, pp. 2, 132. Twenge, J.M., Konrath, S., Foster, J.D., Campbell, W.K. Bushman, B.J. (2008) Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality, 76(4), 875-902. University of Leeds (2005) Criminal Justice Review. Available [onlin e] from: https://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/ccjs/an_reps/17rep.pdf#page=39 [Accessed 28/11/2011].

Understanding Iagos Hatred Towards Othello Essay - 833 Words

Understanding Iagos Hatred Towards Othello a) Iago hates Othello because he made a young Cassio his second-in-command. Iago feels greatly aggrieved that he was overlooked for promotion by the moor and instead Cassio was promoted to Lieutenant. Othello had fought in battles with Iago, thus he feels betrayed that he was not promoted by his comrade. Iago actually said about the reasons for his hatred in part â€Å"g† (p55 line 426-447). Those reason are rational enough for his hatred, but they are not rational for his acts what he did after. b) Iago fools everyone in the play to reach his goals. He only gets away with this because they trust him, his lie (his â€Å"poison†) works, and this protects him†¦show more content†¦It is Iago that uses this as a basis for an affair between Cassio and Desdemona. 3) Iago’s method is making Othello feel that there is a problem. He started with saying to Othello that even he loves him, but he can’t say him everything. Sure, the reaction of Othello is to press on him to know everything he knows. (p. 125 line 134-144). By answering Othellos questions with a question just irritates Othello as he doesnt get to the point of what he is thinking. Iagos effectiveness at noticing innocent situations and making them look suspect is another way in which he gets Othello to believe in Desdemonas unfaithfulness. And the handkerchief, which Emelia steals for Iago, is the most crucial symbol and object in the play that confirms to Othello that Desdemona has been unfaithful. Iago plots to plant it on Cassio as proof to Othello of the affair: Othello is tormented in his thoughts and believes he cannot ever sleep or be content when he says Nor all the drowsy syrups in the world†¦(3, 3,335). Othello goes on to show aggression and anger to Iago for his doubting his beloved wife by sayingvillian, be sure†¦ He wants him to prove it and threatens him by saying thoust hadst been better have been born a dog (3, 3,365) which implies that if Iago is wrong Othello will make him pay forShow MoreRelatedOthello Character Analysis964 Words   |  4 PagesThe play written by William Shakespeare Othello, the Moor of Venice has many acts of jealousy, violence, and hatred, along with many characters that stand for different matters and that also have different beliefs. These characters go through tragedies which causes corruption for them all. Behind all of this madness is a character named Iago. Iago is an evil villain that causes harm to everyone that gets in his way. 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The reader sees how Iago manipulates so many of the characters, like Roderigo and MontanoRead MoreEvil And Dark Desires Of The Subconscious1273 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Othello by William Shakespeare, the audience encounters characters that are manifestations of evil and dark desires of the subconscious. This theme is portrayed through the characters of Iago and Othello. From the start, Iago’s malicious intents are clear. Because of his feelings of incompetence, particularly to Othello, he succumbs to very human emotions like jealousy. However, his proceeding actions seem to lack awareness and thought for others. Iago manipulates Othello until he tooRead MoreIago By William Shakespeare s Othello1292 Words   |  6 PagesIago is able to manipulate different characters throughout Othello by appearing to be honest and trustworthy, and using this to make people believe what he is saying is the truth. 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Reggae Paper - 1223 Words

Reggae, â€Å"a generic name for all Jamaican popular music since 1960, is defined as a ‘West Indian style of music with a strongly accented subsidiary beat† (Chang). Reggae music is a great style of music that was popularized by one of the world’s most famous musicians, Bob Marley. Personally, I never listened to it until I made it to college, and it has quickly become one of my favorite genres. For that reason is why I chose to write this paper on Reggae music. This genre is a very calming and relaxing style of music, which helps me when I am trying to focus on doing important tasks such as homework, including this paper. In this proton of the paper I will be looking into the history of Reggae music and the development of this particular†¦show more content†¦In this portion of the paper I will be focusing on Bob Marley and give an introduction to who he is, how he learned his music and how he became famous. On February 6, 1945 in Saint Ann, Jamaica, Bob Marley was born. His father was a white Englishman and his mother was a black Jamaican. When Marley was ten years old his father died, and at that point his mother moved him to Kingston’s Trechtown neighborhood. As a teenager in Kingston he became friends with Bunny Wailer and this is when Marley learned to play music. When Marley was 14 years old he decided to drop out of school so he could learn the welding trade, and at the same time he spent his spare time jamming with Bunny and Ska musician Joe Higgs. In 1962 Bob had recorded his first two singles but neither one of them had received any interest at the time. The following year he began a Ska band with his friend Bunny and Peter Tosh, which was originally called â€Å"The Teenagers†. They then became known as â€Å"The Wailing Rudeboys† and after a few more name changes they eventually came up with simply â€Å"The Wailers.† In 1964 they came out with their earliest Studio One hit which was recorded in the popular rock steady style, â€Å"Simmer Down.† Following that track they came out with another hit in 1965 that was entitled â€Å"Soul Rebel† in which both songs were written by Marley. In 1966 Marley married Rita Anderson, they had 12 kids together, and after their marriage he spent aShow MoreRelatedBob Marley And The Wailers1654 Words   |  7 PagesReggae is a music genre that evolved from the Jamaican music style called ska, and was influenced by American rhythm and blues. Reggae contains many references Rastafarianism, which many consider the result of Bob Marley’s practice of integrating reggae with Rastafarian ideology. This paper serves to examine reggae, with special emphasis on a lyric analysis of Jamaican reggae band Bob Marley and the Wailers. The major question this paper addresses the social context that led to the dominance ofRead MoreHistory of Jamaican Music1268 Words   |  6 PagesCrystal Hislop Research Paper: Final Submission History of Jamaican Music Contemporary History Professor:   Sharon  Rodriguez 2/19/12 History of Jamaican Music The history of Jamaican music is inextricably intertwined with the history of the Jamaican people. Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean, and was initially populated by the Arawak people. Christopher Columbus discovered the island on his second voyage to the Americas, and it was settled first by Spanish colonistsRead MoreThe Great Bob Marley1537 Words   |  7 Pages If someone was asked to name the first famous reggae artist that came to mind, the majority of people would say one name, Bob Marley. Robert Nesta Marley, commonly known as Bob Marley, is undoubtedly the most famous reggae artist of all time. 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Bob Marley persuades his audience to accept the message of ethnic unity through his message presentation, social interactionsRead More Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop5489 Words   |  22 PagesDiscontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop In cultures all over the world, music can be seen encompassing many aspects of life for many individuals. It is a form of mass communication thatspeaks directly to society as a cultural form, and often reflects a collection and pattern of personal experiences (King 19). Music is so influential because it communicates on three different levels: the physical, emotional, and cognitive. Not only does it operate in a nondiscursive way, by

Should the government regulate food more free essay sample

Since the time the fast food industry was established, people have been enjoying the convenience of having food served to them in a fast and timely manner. However, today people are learning about the harmful effects fast food can have on a person’s body. We the people need to do something about this fast food epidemic. These businesses need to be regulated more by the government to keep the American nation a healthy nation. As a result, this issue is a very controversial one and has attracted a lot a debate. This essay will consider some of the arguments for obesity in this nations and the impact fast food has on it and will outline some of the problems with this position. It will then put forward a number of reasons why America should put more regulations on the fast food industry. Fast food industries have had a huge influence on Americans and people of all ages all around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the government regulate food more? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Fast Food Nation the author says, â€Å"A survey of American schoolchildren found that 96 percent could identify Ronald McDonald. The only fictional character with a higher degree of recognition was Santa Claus. The impact of McDonald’s on the way we live today is hard to overstate. The Golden Arches are now more widely recognized than the Christian Cross† (Schlosser 4). These statements are very easy to believe. There is a McDonald’s in just about every country in the world, so it does not really surprise me that the Golden Arches are more widely recognized than the Christian Cross. Since the fast food industry has began, it has created many different jobs for people. But these jobs may not be the best jobs for a lifetime career. â€Å"Between 1968 and 1990, the years when the fast food chains expanded at their fastest rate, the real value of the U.  S. minimum wage fell by almost 40 percent†. Jobs in the fast food industry can be quite difficult. Places like McDonald’s and Burger King do not have very good work conditions which include being very dirty and not well up kept. When you work at a fast food restaurant, you are very tempted to eat the food at those restaurants. Eating everyday at these restaurants in not very healthy and will begin to show likely within the first couple months. The majority of people working at these restaurants are teenagers and young adults and this is the age group that we are seeing become the most obese in this nation. There was one thing in Fast Food Nation that really caught my attention and that was when the author said, â€Å"At a meeting with Japanese executives that was secretly recorded, the president of Archer Daniels Midland preached the virtues of collaboration. ‘We have a saying at this company,’ he said. ‘Our competitors are our friends, and our customers are our enemies’† (Schlosser 143) This statement gets the reader thinking â€Å"Can I trust the food that I am eating that come from these large agricultural processors? I heard somewhere that there are around 50,000 food processing plants in the nation, but only around 1,300 inspectors from the health administration. It is said that most plants will only be inspected about once every 80 years! That allows a lot of time for a plant to obtain a food-borne illness infestation such as E. coli and spread it to millions of Americans throughout the nation. Food processing plants are not the only place that food can obtain a food-borne illness. At the restaurant, food may come into contact with contaminated items (Hank). The support article that I found explains the FDA’s regulations on fast food very well. This articles states, â€Å"Every year, food-borne illnesses strike thousands of Americans. As a preventative measure, the FDA requires that fast food workers complete a food handling course. The course educates the workers on how to spot the major causes of foodborne illnesses, such as salmonella and E. coli† (Hanks). I feel that it is very important for every person that is going to be working with food at a restaurant to be required to take these courses and follow the guidelines and rules portrayed in these courses everyday. One step that the FDA has made to help control the obesity in this country is that they required all restaurants to display the nutritional information on its products (Hanks). I believe that this is a very important factor to people trying to maintain a healthy diet but want to get food fairly fast. These regulations and requirements are a start toward making food healthier and helping people realize what exactly they are eating. The FDA should regulate somethings in the fast food industry but not all things. If fast food restaurants could make their food healthier but with the same delicious taste that everyone loves this country wouldn’t be so obese. â€Å"San Francisco has banned toys with Happy Meals or with any restaurant meal that fails to meet basic nutrition standards† (Ringham). I believe this may have gone a little too far as to not giving a kid a toy with their Happy Meal, it’s not their fault the restaurant doesn’t have healthy standards set. This gets the reader thinking â€Å"How far should the government go in regulating fast food for kids? † (Ringham). Fast food industries need to be more regulated by the Federal Government and the FDA. But on the other hand, it is not just the restaurants that are causing an obesity epidemic in this country. The people need to step in and take responsibility for their own actions. They need to pay more attention to the nutritional information and watch how much fast food they are consuming and how often they are consuming it. If we would just buy food at a grocery store to cook at home instead of going out to eat at a fast food restaurant 5 times a week, we would be a lot more healthy and a lot less obese.

A day in a Cave in the Rocky Mountains free essay sample

This personal essay was written for my English class on a memorable past experience. A day in a Cave in the Rocky Mountains. By deprogram The soft morning breeze blew over the peaks and through the tall fragrant evergreen forest. Just outside the small mountain town of Idaho Springs, Colorado on a warm mid-summer morning back in 1991 1 stood on my porch watching the wildlife busily starting the day. I stepped back into my little trailer house and picked up the land line and dialed the Hunt brothers number. Dan picked up the phone with a cheery Hello. Hey bud I said, are you and Devon ready to head out on this weeks plunking adventure? He laughed loudly and replied Weve been waiting for you. Lets go. Okay, I stated l will meet you two at the bottom of the hill in fifteen minuets and we hung up. I got my things together and hustled out the front door. We will write a custom essay sample on A day in a Cave in the Rocky Mountains or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I heard barking up the hill behind the house and called Coda come. And my four- legged Chow-mix buddy came charging down the hill full of vibrancy and Joy. Coda and I walked on down the road and met up with Dan and Devon at a clearing on the other side of Clear Creek, which was the local river that eventually furnished the Coors brewery in Golden.The four of us headed up the hill through a valley to a tailing pile that laid in front of the entrance that awaited us. The entrance beckoned our arrival with a musty damp scent from years of still life in darkness. We had explored this mine a few times before and found it to be the biggest one accessible to adventurers like us needing to fulfill our desire of adrenalin brought on by the many aspects of danger that lie within. Coda led the way and I carefully ducted through the low overhead opening of rock and stone that was the entry to the bowels of this mountain.The feeling of the cool damp air on my exposed skin ran a shiver down my spine as I moved forward leaving the morning sun and safety of the o utside world behind. The sound of crushed rocks under our feet echoed off the solid stone walls stretching far into the distance before fading away in silence. After about 200 feet the passageway turned to the left and the day light from the outside was lost. With the flick of a switch my three-cell Magma-Light broke the darkness and the sparkle of mica and pyrite reflected off the narrow walls and ceiling.In previous journeys through this mine we had found and traveled several evils and what seemed like miles of tunnels. Coda was leading the way and every once in awhile I would call him, Coda come. And a moment later his soft brown eyes would reflect In the glow of our flashlights. After about 30 minutes of travel we came to the mall shaft that led to the upper levels, It was about fifteen feet In diameter and had an old wooden ladder on the left side with Its rugs full of crushed rock from years of determination and on the right side was a then taken out of the mine. We decided to take a water and smoke break here and sat ourselves down on the cool rocky floor in a small circle. Dan pulled out the water bottle, took a drink and passed it around while following our traditions I lit a candle and placed it in the middle of our circle. Devon then pulled out a Joint and Dawns Big- lighter flicked as he lit up the Joint and we passed it around heightening our experience with the mind altering effects of natures own. We absorbed the stillness hearing only our own breathing and the rustle of Codas feet investigating the tunnel around the next corner ahead.It wasnt long and I became aware that I could no longer hear the noises of Coda up ahead. I called out is name, Coda waited a moment for the sound of his paws coming down the tunnel but in return all we heard was the sound of a few stones falling and a splash. We all looked at each other in the glimmer of the candle light with the same thought. Ahead in that tunnel there was a large hole in the stone floor going down too far to see with a light.It was one of the few spots we had not ventured yet because on a previous tunnel quest we had tossed some rocks down and after watching them bounce their way down beyond the reach of the lights we heard the splash of water from below. The light of the candle was overwhelmed then extinguished as our flashlights came to life and we moved toward the hole to a lower UN-traveled existence. I called for Coda again after we rounded the second corner where the cavern opened up wider, about twenty feet wide by ten feet high and there was merely a two foot wide ledge that gave access to the tunnel ahead.The rest of the ground gave way to what looked liked the throat of Hell ready to swallow its victims. What I feared was true and we could hear from below the whimpering of a scared friend. I shined my light down the hole and to my hearts content I could see the mall figure of Coda Just at the last reach of my light. Behind me I heard the sound of a zipper as Devon got into the back-pack and pulled out a rope that was always kept in our survival bag. One end of the rope was tossed to Dan and he quickly tied it to one of the ore car tracks running along the floor.We all knew that this time in this mine we would see what lied beyond our view. Devon tossed the other end down the shaft and when it reached Coda he tried to catch it like a bone, 101. I called down to Coda to ensure him I was on my way down. Then I grabbed the rope in my hands turned round and began a decent down the hole as Dan shown his light below me so I could see where I was stepping. After the first hundred feet the degree of decent decreased and I was able to release one hand off the rope without slipping down to join Coda. I turned my light back on and shown it in Codas direction and another 30 feet away he was excitingly hopping up and down like a lottery winner. I moved closer towards him and when I reached the 3 foot ledge that kept him at bay from jumping on me I hopped down and praised, and cuddled him in a loving nurturing way You are such a brave dog I told him. K but I would need some help getting Coda back up. Devon started carefully back stepping down the shaft and I decided I would take a quick look around.This was the level we never seen so no since in wasting the trip. The tunnel was about three feet wide by six foot tall. The walls were very damp and the splash we heard was a stream of orange rusty water running right down the middle of the floor. Devon reached the bottom and I directed his attention toward the liquid rust flowing on the floor and the view of the unexplored tunnels in both directions. Our thoughts were on the same oath as usual and we called up to Dan telling him to grab the bag, he had to see this!Upon his arrival we made a mutual decision to travel to the right, the direction the flow was coming from. We followed the flow about 70 feet till the tunnel ended abruptly. The sight at the end was something we had never seen before. The whole back wall was covered with an orange, brown and black buildup that looked like it was oozing out of the wall. From the ceiling there were stalagmites of iron rust hanging down, some of them all the way to the floor. Water dripped from the ends of ACH of them and a stream came from out of the wall and flowed evenly over the rusty buildup there. We took a couple pictures of this unique and different scene that was in front of us. We poked around there for a few and turned down the other way to see where this flow of water was headed. As we passed our rope leading back up the shaft the flow path of water widened on the cavern floor gradually from the 12 inches to 18 inches and 50 feet further it covered the entire floor. We stood there a moment looking down at our boots submerged in the water past our toes. The decline was gradual and within another 100 feet the water was up to our ankles and rising.Coda stayed behind not wanting to get in the water, and 50 feet further we were knee deep in water. Again we all thought the same and decided that we wouldnt go any further with out our inflatable raft and it was time to conclude our adventure and return ourselves to the reality of the outside world and allow the sun to shine upon our skin again. When we got back to the rope and Coda was anxiously waiting to get out so we daisy chained our way back up the shaft, pushing and pulling on him till we crested the top ND pulled our little friend over the edge.After a short rest and the re-coiling of the rope I led the way back toward the outside world. We halted at the main shaft going to the upper levels were there was another opening on the side of the mountain but with careful consideration the decision was made that we had had enough adventure for one day and we should Just head out the way we came. Around the last bend the afternoon sun burst into view and Coda was making a break for it. I stepped out into the hot afternoon sun and looked to the clear blue sky. I thanked God for keeping us al safe one more time.When Dan and Devon came out we headed down the hillside trailing behind Coda till he spotted a rabbit and took off after it. We never made it back down to that lower level to sail forward and see where it led because soon after that trip something happened in that cave and the county department had blocked off both entrances and posted no trespassing signs on them. Its been awhile now since Ive made the opportunity to travel back to that community and indulge in a again someday soon, I will make the time to experience that thrill again.